"Here, we describe 4D flow MRI approaches for analyzing the cerebral vasculature. We then survey key hemodynamic biomarkers that can be reliably assessed using the technique. Finally, we highlight cerebrovascular diseases where one or multiple hemodynamic biomarkers are of central interest."

Anders Wåhlin, Anders Eklund, Jan Malm, "4D flow MRI hemodynamic biomarkers for cerebrovascular diseases", Journal of Internal Medicine, Volume291, Issue2 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13392.