Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cardiac malformation and the leading cause of aortopathy and aortic stenosis in younger patients.
This study explores anatomic and functional information acquired from 4D flow MRI which allows simultaneous visualisation and quantification of the pathological geometric and haemodynamic changes of the aorta.

Caryl Elizabeth Richards, Alex E Parker, Aseel Alfuhied, Gerry P McCann and Anvesha Singh, "The role of 4-dimensional flow in the assessment of bicuspid aortic valve and its valvulo-aortopathies", The British Journal of Radiology, Published Online (2022) https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20220123.