The Fontan procedure is performed as the final-stage surgery in patients with a single ventricle, which is a type of congenital heart disease.
The high occurrence of thrombosis in the Fontan route, where venous stagnation is likely to induce blood coagulation, is a crucial issue in the Fontan circulation.
In this study, it conducted a series of pioneering CFD studies on the Fontan circulation to understand the physiological state of blood flow in the Hemi-Fontan and TCPC and apply them to pre- and postoperative planning and evaluation.
The show that it suggest that the APC Fontan has a higher risk of thrombosis due to blood stasis than the TCPC Fontan and a higher RA dilation is associated with a higher risk of thrombosis from a fluid mechanics perspective.

Ken-ichi Tsubota,Hidetaka Sonobe,Koichi Sughimoto, and Hao Liu , "Blood Flow Simulation to Determine the Risk of Thrombosis in the Fontan Circulation: Comparison between Atriopulmonary and Total Cavopulmonary Connections", Fluids, Published Online (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7040138.