Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
The purpose of the current study was to explore the amount of energy loss (EL) using vector flow mapping (VFM) in the detection of early stage left ventricular (LV) dysfunction among patients with SLE.
The result that LV-dissipative EL assessed by using VFM is useful and feasible for estimating lesions of LV systolic and diastolic function in active SLE patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Chunmei Li, Kun Li, Fang Wang & Li Rao, "Amount of dissipative energy loss when assessing left ventricular dysfunction in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus", Heart and Vessels , (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-021-02017-4.